Compare Chile (2002) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Compare Chile (2002) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

	Chile (2002)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Administrative divisions	13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 26.9% (male 2,127,696; female 2,033,201) 15-64 years: 65.6% (male 5,070,476; female 5,103,490) 65 years and over: 7.5% (male 482,846; female 681,221) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber	-
Airports	363 (2001)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 71 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 15 (2002)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 292 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 216 (2002)	-
Area	total: 756,950 sq km land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	A three-year-old Marxist government was overthrown in 1973 by a dictatorial military regime led by Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a freely elected president was installed in 1990. Sound economic policies, first implemented by the PINOCHET dictatorship, led to unprecedented growth in 1991-97 and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate	16.46 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $17 billion expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA	-
Capital	Santiago	-
Climate	temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south	tropical
Coastline	6,435 km	74.1 km
Constitution	11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July 1989, 1993, and 1997	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency	Chilean peso (CLP)	-
Death rate	5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$39.6 billion (2001) (2001)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador William R. BROWNFIELD embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago mailing address: APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Bolivia continues to demand a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama region was lost to Chile in 1884; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims; dispute with Peru over the economic zone delimited by the maritime boundary	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Economic aid - recipient	ODA, $40 million (2001 est.)	-
Economy - overview	Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 5.4% in 2000. Unemployment remains stubbornly high, however, putting pressure on President LAGOS to improve living standards. The Argentine financial meltdown has put pressure on the Chilean peso and is slowing the country's economic growth. Meanwhile, Chile and the US are conducting negotiations for a free trade agreement.	no economic activity
Electricity - consumption	37.897 billion kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	1.09 billion kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	39.577 billion kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 51% hydro: 46% nuclear: 0% other: 2% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban	-
Ethnic groups	white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%	-
Exchange rates	Chilean pesos per US dollar - 651.90 (January 2002), 618.70 (2001), 535.47 (2000), 508.78 (1999), 460.29 (1998), 419.30 (1997)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 12 December 1999, with runoff election held 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: Ricardo LAGOS Escobar elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo LAGOS Escobar 51.32%, Joaquin LAVIN 48.68%	-
Exports	$18.5 billion f.o.b. (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	copper, fish, fruits, paper and pulp, chemicals	-
Exports - partners	US 17%, Japan 14%, UK 6%, Brazil 5%, China 5% (2000)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag	the flag of Australia is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $153 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 38% services: 54% (2000) (2000)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.1% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	30 00 S, 71 00 W	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways	total: 79,800 km paved: 11,012 km unpaved: 68,788 km (1996)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 41% (1998) (1998)	-
Illicit drugs	a growing transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising	-
Imports	$18 billion f.o.b. (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, chemicals, motor vehicles, fuels, electrical machinery, heavy industrial machinery, food	-
Imports - partners	US 19%, Argentina 16%, Brazil 7%, China 6%, Japan 4% (2000)	-
Independence	18 September 1810 (from Spain)	-
Industrial production growth rate	2.5% (2001 est.)	-
Industries	copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles	-
Infant mortality rate	9.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.5% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOGIP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	7 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	18,000 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal	-
Labor force	5.9 million (2000 est.)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 14%, industry 27%, services 59% (1997 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.42% other: 96.93% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Languages	Spanish	-
Legal system	based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction note: Chile is in the process of completely overhauling its criminal justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system is being gradually implemented throughout the country	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (49 seats, 38 elected by popular vote, 9 designated members, and 2 former presidents who serve six-year terms and are senators for life); elected members serve eight-year terms (one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD 20 (PDC 12, PS 5, PPD 3), UDI 9, RN 7, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPD 63 (PDC 24, PPD 21, PS 11, PRSD 6,), UDI 35, RN 22, independent 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 76.14 years male: 72.83 years female: 79.62 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.2% male: 95.4% female: 95% (1995 est.)	-
Location	Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references	South America	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200/350 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	total: 47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 669,670 GRT/931,647 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 4, chemical tanker 10, container 5, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 3, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Netherlands 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches	Army of the Nation, National Navy (including naval air, coast guard, and marines), Air Force of the Nation, Chilean Carabineros (National Police), Investigations Police	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$2.5 billion (FY99)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.1% (FY99)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 4,104,197 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 3,034,912 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	19 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 136,830 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 18 September (1810)	-
Nationality	noun: Chilean(s) adjective: Chilean	-
Natural hazards	severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Pipelines	crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Patricia ALYWIN]; Coalition of Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS, PPD, PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations	-
Population	15,498,930 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Population below poverty line	22% (1998 est.)	-
Population growth rate	1.09% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998)	-
Radios	5.18 million (1997)	-
Railways	total: 6,702 km broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified) narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000 est.)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal and compulsory	-
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	2.603 million (1998)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	944,225 (1998)	-
Television broadcast stations	63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997)	-
Terrain	low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east	low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate	2.13 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	10.1% (2001) (2001)	-
Waterways	725 km	-

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